How Does Apoptosis Work?
Apoptosis is often referred to as cell "suicide". This is because the cell actively participates in dissembling itself to preserve the health of the body. Proteins involved in the signaling pathways for apoptosis include: (vi.3, 30, 60, 106)
- Tumor suppressors that trigger apoptosis.
- Pro-apoptotic proteins that promote apoptosis.
- Mitochondrial protein cytochrome c that trigger caspases when released.
- Caspase enzymes that break down cell parts.
It is typically a non-inflammatory type of cell death, unlike what happens when cells die due to injury: (vi.3, 30, 106)
Figure VI.8: Apoptosis Cell Death Signaling Pathway
| COMPOUND | ↑ TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PPAR-γ |
↑ TUMOR SUPPRESSOR P53 |
↓ IAPS | ↑ PRO- APOPTOTIC PROTEINS |
↓ MITOCHONDRIA FUNCTIONING |
↑ CASPASES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-sitosterol (vi.71, 78, 138) | ♦ | ♦ | ||||
| Curcumin (vi.77) | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ |
| Eugenol (vi.74, 77) | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ||
| Farnesol (vi.111, 163) | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ||
| Geraniol (vi.78, 111-112) | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | |||
| Limonene (vi.74, 77, 82, 139, 141) | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ||
| Myricetin (vi.77, 79) | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | |||
| Quercetin (vi.78-79, 131, 140, 164) | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | |
| Resveratrol (vi.56, 83) | ♦ |
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