Why are Cholesterol Levels Important?

• How Does Plaque Form?

Although cholesterol is an essential part of good health, unhealthy levels of cholesterol are linked to cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. It's one of the main ingredients in the development of atherosclerosis — the buildup of plaque on artery walls. Atherosclerosis can progress and block blood flow, and is a primary cause of heart attacks. ^(vii.208)

Most media focuses on the benefits of raising HDL ("good") cholesterol and lowering LDL ("bad") cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, research shows the story of these lipoproteins is a little more complex than simply good or bad cholesterol. ^{(vii.69, 208)}

HDL and LDL cholesterol are lipoproteins, molecules made from different types of apolipoproteins and lipids in the liver. Low levels of HDL and the high triglyceride content of LDL cholesterol are linked to increased risk of heart disease. Fortunately, turmeric and its compounds have beneficial effects on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. ^{(vii.69, 208-209)}

How Does Plaque Form?

Macrophage immune system cells scoop up cholesterol in the blood. If the cholesterol isn't transported out of these pro-inflammatory macrophages, it can combine with oxidized cholesterol to form foam cells. ^(vii.67)

Foam cells combine with inflammatory AGE molecules in blood vessels. With the help of adhesion molecules, they stick to artery walls and create plaque build-up: ^{(vii.67, 210)}

Figure VII.9: Plaque Formation